This blog post includes one of the presentations of Emergency Medicine Education in Asia Webinar organized by Asian Society for Emergency Medicine on July 9, 2022.
Video – Panel Discussion – EM Education in Asia
Tag: medical students
Video – International Emergency Medicine Education Project
This blog post includes one of the presentations of Emergency Medicine Education in Asia Webinar organized by Asian Society for Emergency Medicine on July 9, 2022.
Video – Road Forwards in Emergency Medicine Education
This blog post includes one of the presentations of Emergency Medicine Education in Asia Webinar organized by Asian Society for Emergency Medicine on July 9, 2022.
Video – Educator in Emergency Medicine
This blog post includes one of the presentations of Emergency Medicine Education in Asia Webinar organized by Asian Society for Emergency Medicine on July 9, 2022.
Video – Challenges in Emergency Medicine Education
This blog post includes one of the presentations of Emergency Medicine Education in Asia Webinar organized by Asian Society for Emergency Medicine on July 9, 2022.
Triads in Medicine – Rapid Review for Medical Students
One of the most convenient ways of learning and remembering the main components of disease and identifying a medical condition on an exam are Triads, and medical students/interns/residents swear by them.
Be it a question during rounds, a multiple-choice exam question to be solved, or even in medical practice, the famous triads help physicians recall important characteristics and clinical features of a disease or treatment in an instant.
Since exam season is here, this could serve as a rapid review to recall the most common medical conditions.
While there are a vast number of triads/pentads available online, I have listed the most important (high-yy) ones that every student would be asked about at least once in the duration of their course.
1) Lethal Triad also known as The Trauma Triad of Death
Hypothermia + Coagulopathy + Metabolic Acidosis
2) Beck’s Triad of Cardiac Tamponade
Muffled heart sounds + Distended neck veins + Hypotension
3) Virchow’s Triad – Venous Thrombosis
Hypercoagulability + stasis + endothelial damage
4) Charcot’s Triad – Ascending Cholangitis
Fever with rigors + Right upper quadrant pain + Jaundice
5) Cushing’s Triad – Raised Intracranial Pressure
Bradycardia + Irregular respiration + Hypertension
6) Triad of Ruptured Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm
Severe Abdominal/Back Pain + Hypotension + Pulsatile Abdominal mass
7) Reactive Arthritis
Can’t See (Conjunctivitis) + Can’t Pee (Urethritis) + Can’t Climb a Tree (Arthritis)
8) Triad of Opioid Overdose
Pinpoint pupils + Respiratory Depression + CNS Depression
9) Hakims Triad – Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus
Gait Disturbance + Dementia + Urinary Incontinence
10) Horner’s Syndrome Triad
Ptosis + Miosis + Anydrosis
11) Mackler’s Triad – Oesophageal Perforation (Boerhaave Syndrome)
Vomiting + Lower Thoracic Pain + Subcutaneous Emphysema
12) Pheochromocytoma
Palpitations + Headache + Perspiration (Diaphoresis)
13) Leriche Syndrome
Buttock claudication + Impotence + Symmetrical Atrophy of bilateral lower extremities
14) Rigler’s Triad – Gallstone ileus
Gallstones + Pneumobilia + Small bowel obstruction
15) Whipple’s Triad – Insulinoma
Hypoglycemic attack + Low glucose + Resolving of the attack on glucose administration
16) Meniere’s Disease
Tinnitus + Vertigo + Hearing loss
17) Wernicke’s Encephalopathy- Thiamine Deficiency
Confusion + Ophthalmoplegia + Ataxia
18) Unhappy Triad – Knee Injury
Injury to Anterior Cruciate Ligament + Medial collateral ligament + Medial or Lateral Meniscus
19) Henoch Schonlein Purpura
Purpura + Abdominal pain + Joint pain
20) Meigs Syndrome
Benign ovarian tumor + pleural effusion + ascites
21) Felty’s Syndrome
Rheumatoid Arthritis + Splenomegaly + Neutropenia
22) Cauda Equina Syndrome
Low back pain + Bowel/Bladder Dysfunction + Saddle Anesthesia
23) Meningitis
Fever + Headache + Neck Stiffness
24) Wolf Parkinson White Syndrome
Delta Waves + Short PR Interval + Wide QRS Complex
25) Neurogenic Shock
Bradycardia + Hypotension + Hypothermia
Further Reading
- Review more mnemonics on a previously published chapter: https://iem-student.org/mnemonics/
- https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_medical_triads,_tetrads,_and_pentads
Cite this article as: Sumaiya Hafiz, UAE, "Triads in Medicine – Rapid Review for Medical Students," in International Emergency Medicine Education Project, June 12, 2020, https://iem-student.org/2020/06/12/triads-in-medicine/, date accessed: April 1, 2023
RUSH Course for Medical Students
Dear students,
We are pleased to open our third course for you; Rapid Ultrasound in Shock and Hypotension (RUSH).
As a part of our social responsibility initiative, iem-course.org will continue to provide free open online courses related to emergency medicine. We hope our courses help you to continue your education during these difficult times.
Please send us your feedback or requests about courses.
We are here to help you.
Best regards.
Arif Alper Cevik, MD, FEMAT, FIFEM
iEM Course is a social responsibility initiative of iEM Education Project
Hypotension is a high-risk sign which is associated with increased morbidity and mortality rate. The differential diagnosis for hypotension is broad and the treatment depends on the underlying etiology. In most cases of hypotension, patients present with limited history and physical examination may be inaccurate making the management of the condition a great challenge for emergency physicians.
The use of POCUS in undifferentiated hypotension has been shown to help correctly and rapidly identify the etiology and therefore initiate the appropriate management. Since 2001, there are many protocols published describing a systematic approach to the use of POCUS in undifferentiated hypotension.
In this course, we will focus on the Rapid Ultrasound in Shock and Hypotension (RUSH) protocol.
This course aims to provide the necessary information on ultrasonography, its use in a hypotensive patient, and to prepare you for a RUSH practice session.
The course content is prepared and curated from iEM Education chapters, iEM image and video archives, and various FOAMed resources.
At the end of this course, you will be able to;
- Describe the basics of ultrasound (terminology, knobology, image acquisition, artifacts, etc.)
- Describe indications of RUSH protocol
- Describe patient and machine preparations
- Describe ultrasound examination views
- Recognize normal anatomical structures
- Recognize abnormal findings
- Feel confident to take a practical session for RUSH protocol
Who can get benefit from this course?
- Junior and senior medical students (course specifically designed for these groups)
- Interns/Junior emergency medicine residents/registrars
Other Free Online Courses
Cite this article as: Arif Alper Cevik, "RUSH Course for Medical Students," in International Emergency Medicine Education Project, May 27, 2020, https://iem-student.org/2020/05/27/rush-course-for-medical-students/, date accessed: April 1, 2023
eFAST Course for Medical Students
Dear students,
We are pleased to open our second course for you; Extended Focused Assessment with Sonography for Trauma (eFAST).
As a part of our social responsibility initiative, iem-course.org will continue to provide free open online courses related to emergency medicine. We hope our courses help you to continue your education during these difficult times.
Please send us your feedback or requests about courses.
We are here to help you.
Best regards.
Arif Alper Cevik, MD, FEMAT, FIFEM
iEM Course is a social responsibility initiative of iEM Education Project
Extended Focused Assessment With Sonography In Trauma (eFAST) is one of the most commonly used emergency ultrasound or Point-Of-Care Ultrasound protocols. It is a protocol that we use in trauma patients. However, the eFAST examination can also be a part of another protocol, such as RUSH protocol.
The early diagnosis of a bleeding trauma patient is essential for better patient care. Unfortunately, it is proven that our physical exam findings are not perfect in every case. Therefore, using a bedside tool in addition to the physical examination can improve patient management.
As a 21st-century medical student/young physician, you must learn how to use this tool to provide more comprehensive and accurate care to your patients.
This course aims to provide the necessary information on ultrasonography, its use in a multiply injured trauma patient, and to prepare you for an eFAST practice session.
Cite this article as: Arif Alper Cevik, "eFAST Course for Medical Students," in International Emergency Medicine Education Project, May 18, 2020, https://iem-student.org/2020/05/18/efast-course-for-medical-students/, date accessed: April 1, 2023